Fuel injection pump



Aug. 23, 1960 w. o. BISCHOFF EIAL 2,949,904

FUEL INJECTION PUMP 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed May 6, 1957 INVENTORS.WALDEMAE O.BISCHQFF \GNACE; J DABO'EOWSKI ATTORNEY Aug. 23, 196 w. o.BISCHOFF EI'AL 2,949,

FUEL INJECTION PUMP 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed May 6, 1957 INVENTORS.\A/ALDE MAP 0. BISC HOFF' IGNACE. \J. DABOEOWSKI A TOP/V5 3 Unite Statesatcnt FUEL INJECTION PUMP Waldemar 0. Bischoif, Holyoke, and Ignace J.Dab'orowski, Springfield, Mass., assignors to American Bosch ArmaCorporation, a corporation of New York Filed May 6, 1957, Ser. No.657,159

9 Claims. (Cl. 123140) This invention relates to fuel injectionapparatus and has particular reference to a new and improved form ofsuch apparatus which is relatively simple in construction, yet efiicientin operation.

The principal object of the present invention is to pro vide a new andimproved fuel injection apparatus having simplified and economicalcontrol means.

Another object is to provide a new and improved fuel injection apparatusof the type set forth having a relatively simple and economical governorarrangement.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from thefollowing description taken in connection with the accompanyingdrawings. It will be understood that changes may be made in the detailsof construction and arrangement of parts shown and described withoutdeparting from the spirit of the invention as set forth in theaccompanying claims, as the preferred form of the invention has beengiven by way of illustration only.

Referring to the drawings:

Fig. l is a longitudinal sectional view of a fuel injection apparatusembodying the invention;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken on line 2-2 of Fig. 1,

looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken on line 33 of Fig. 1, looking in thedirection of the arrows; and

Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken on line 44 of Fig. 1, looking in thedirection of the arrows.

Referring more particularly to the drawings wherein similar referencecharacters designate corresponding parts throughout, the apparatus shownembodying the invention comprises a housing having a bore in which ismounted the rotary member or rotor 11.

The rotary member or rotor 11 has the drive end 12, the pumping portion13 and the distributing portion 14.

The rotor 11 has the fuel passage 14a which is closed by the plug 15,which plug has the reduced extension portion 16 for reducing the workingvolume of the apparatus. If the fuel passage 14a were made substantiallysmall, it would be possible to dispense with the reduced portion 16 ofthe plug 15.

The pumping portion 13 has the radial bore 17 in which is positioned thepumping pistons or plungers 18, between which is positioned the spring19 for urging the pistons or plungers 18 outwardly on their suctionstroke and the cam member 20 having opposed lobes 21 urges plungersinwardly on their pumping stroke.

Radial bore 17 communicates with fuel passage 14a and is adapted toreceive fuel therefrom and to return the fuel to the fuel passage on thepumping stroke of the plungers 18.

The tappets 20a and rollers 21a are provided adjacent the ends of thepistons or plungers 18 for effecting the pumping stroke thereof.

Surrounding the pumping and distributing portions 13 and 14 of therotary member 11 is provided the tubular or cylindrical portion 22 ofhousing 10 and which is adapted to support the cam 20 in operativeposition relative to the pumping portion 13 and also to support thehydraulic head 23 having the threaded openings or outlets 24 adapted toreceive fittings 24a, each of which is adapted to be connected to acombustion chamber of an internal combustion engine.

The hydraulic head 23 is provided with a series of inlets 25, one ofwhich is provided for each of the engine cylinders to be supplied andfuel is adapted to be supplied to the pumping chamber by all of theinlets 25 simultaneously, and these inlet ports 25 each communicate withannular fuel sump 26 between the adjacent surfaces of hydraulic head 23and the cylindrical casing 22.

The filling of fuel occurs during each suction stroke of the plunger andthe inlet ports are closed off during the pumping stroke and injection.

Each of the outlets 24 is provided with a delivery port 27 communicatingwith the bore 28 in hydraulic head 23, and the periphery of thedistributing portion 14 is provided with the distributing groove or slot29 adapted to communicate with each of the outlet ports 27 successivelyupon rotation of the rotor and adapted to communicate at all times withdelivery port 30 through annular ring 31. Delivery port 30 communicateswith fuel passage 14a through delivery valve 32 and delivery or pressureport 33 in distributing portion 14 of rotor 11.

Fuel passage 14a is adapted to receive fuel from inlet ports 25 througheach of the inlet or fuel supply ports 34 in the rotor, whichcommunicate with the inlet ports 25.

The hydraulic head 23 is provided with a second or transverse bore 35 inwhich is positioned control plunger or piston 36 adapted to receive fuelfrom passage 14a through pressure or delivery port 33, which alsocommunicates through annular groove 37 with port 36 through which fuelpasses to bore 35.

The hydraulic head is also provided with a spill port 38 whichcommunicates with spill ports 39 in rotor 11, which communicate with theradial bore 17 and each of the plungers 18 is provided with a peripheralgroove or slot 4-6 for allowing the spilling of fuel from passage 14a toport 38, as hereinafter described.

Control piston or plunger 36 is adapted to be moved axially by fuelentering bore 35 through ports 33 and 36a and such fuel engages theadjacent end surface of piston 36, which is then urged against the forceof resilient means or spring 41 and the hydraulic force of fuel in theadjacent end of bore 35, which end communicates through control port 42with the pump sump 26.

Control piston 36 is provided with the helical or angular end 43adjacent control or bypass or spill port 42 whereby rotation of controlpiston 36 through shaft 4-4, which is connected to said piston 36 byeccentric 45, will control the amount of fluid or fuel that may passfrom bore or cylinder 35 through port 42 to sump 26 and thereby controlthe amount of movement or displacement of control or displacement piston36.

The passage or duct 58 is a vent line for returning any fuel leakingpast the distributing portion 14 of the rotor, back to the fuel supply.

The adjustment of control piston 36 is controlled through the governorcomprising the movable sleeve 46 on rotor 11 and which is adjusted alongthe rotor by the centrifugal weights 47 only one of which is shown, andpivoted lever 48 has an end 49 engaging said sleeve 46 whereuponmovement of the sleeve 46, lever 48 is pivoted about its fixed pivot 50and the end 51 of lever 48, which is connected to shaft 44 through lever52, controls the position of the control piston 36.

For automatic control, the governor spring 53 is adjusted throughadjustment of lever 54, to which one end of the spring is connected andwhich lever is adapted to be adjusted by movement of operating lever 55externally of casing 10, whereupon shaft 56 and lever 54 are pivoted toadjust the tension on spring 53, which has an end 57 operativelyconnected to the lever 48 adjacent the end thereof 51 for adjusting thegovernor lever in the usual manner.

In operation of the device, when the pumping plungers or pistons 18 aremoved inwardly by the lobes 21 of cam 20, low pressure fuel displacescontrol piston 36 against spring 41 until the metering port 42 is closedoff by the adjacent end of piston 36. When this metering port 42 isclosed, as stated above, that portion of bore 35 containing spring 43and fuel develops a hydraulic lock stopping any further movement ofcontrol piston 36.

Further movement of the pumping plungers or pistons l8 develops highpressure fuel which is then forced through port 33 and annular groove 37through the delivery valve 32 through port 3% and distributing groove orslot 29 to each of the outlets 24 successively upon rotation of thedistributor.

The end of the effective stroke of the plungers is fixed or controlledby spill port 39, to which fuel passes from passageway 14a throughgroove 40 on the pistons or plungers l8 and annular groove 3801.

On the suction stroke of the pistons or plungers 18, the fuel originallyused to displace the control piston 36 is now sucked back throughpassage 37 by the plungers 18 into passage 14a. This suction of thepumping plungers, plus the force of spring 41, returns the controlpiston 36 back to its normal position engaging the stop 36]).

Rotation of the control piston 36, as stated above, changes therelationship of the metering edge 43 tothe control port 42, therebychanging the amount of travel for the control piston 36, and the fartherthe control piston travels away from port 36a the more fuel is requiredfor displacement of the control piston 36 and a lesser amount is leftfor injection.

It will be seen that with the present invention, the beginning ofinjection may be varied by varying the position of the control plunger,whereas the injection has a fixed ending through the movement of pistonsor plungers 18 into a position where fuel is spilled into spill port 38.

From the foregoing it will be seen that we have provided new andimproved means for obtaining all of the objects and advantages of theinvention.

We claim:

1. In a device of the character described, a housing having a bore, arotary member mounted for rotation in said bore, a plurality of outletscommunicating with said bore, said outlets being adapted to supply fuelto the combustion chambers of an internal combustion enginesuccessively, an axial fuel passage in said rotary member, a radial borein said rotary member and communicating with said axial fuel passage,plunger means in said radial bore, cam means operatively associated withsaid plunger means for effecting reciprocation of said plunger means forpumping fuel, said rotary member having fuel supply and delivery portscommunicating with said axial fuel passage, a second bore in saidhousing, a fuel quantity control displacement piston in said secondbore, control means connected to said fuel quantity control piston foradjusting the position of said piston in said second bore whereby theposition of said control piston in said second bore may be adjustedaccording to desired fuel quantity, and a pressure port connecting saidaxial passage in said rotary member with said second bore whereby fuelfrom said axial passage may enter said second bore on one side of saidcontrol piston and a bypass or spill port communicating with said secondbore on the opposite side of said control piston, said displacementpiston being moved to a position whereby it seals said bypass or spillport on the axial movement thereof by fuel pressure on the side of saidpiston opposite said spill port.

2. In a device of the character described, a housing having a bore, arotary member mounted for rotation in said bore, a plurality of outletscommunicating with said bore and adapted to supply fuel to each of thecombustion chambers of an internal combustion engine successively, anaxial fuel passage in said rotary member, a radial bore in said rotarymember and communicating with said axial fuel passage, plunger means insaid radial bore, cam means operatively associated with said plungermeans for effecting reciprocation of said plunger means for pumpingfuel, said rotary member having fuel supply and delivery portscommunicating with said axial fuel passage, a second bore in saidhousing, a fuel quantity control displacement piston in said secondbore, adjustable means'connected to said fuel quantity controldisplacement piston for adjusting the position of said piston wherebythe position of said control piston in said second bore may be adjustedaccording to desired fuel quantity, and a pressure port connecting saidaxial passage in said rotary member with said second bore whereby fuelfrom said passage may enter said second bore on one side of said controlpiston and a bypass or spill port communicating with said second bore onthe opposite side of said control piston, and fuel distributing meanscommunicating with and adapted to receive fuel from said fuel passageand distribute such fuel to each of said outlets successively, saiddisplacement piston being moved to a position whereby it seals saidbypass or spill port on the axial movement thereof by fuel pressure onthe side of said piston opposite said spill port.

3. In a device of the character described, a housing having a bore, arotary member mounted for rotation in said bore, a plurality of outletscommunicating with said bore and adapted to supply fuel to each of thecombustion chambers of an internal combustion engine successively, anaxial fuel passage in said rotary member, a radial bore in said rotarymember and communicating with said axial fuel passage, plunger means insaid radial bore, cam means operatively associated with said plungermeans for effecting reciprocation of said plunger means for pumpingfuel, said rotary member having fuel supply and delivery portscommunicating with said fuel passage, a second bore in said housing, afuel quantity control displacement piston in said second bore, controlmeans connected to said fuel quantity control piston for adjusting theposition of said piston whereby the position of said control piston insaid second bore may be adjusted according to desired fuel quantity, anda pressure port connecting said passage in said rotary member with saidsecond bore whereby fuel from said axial passage may enter said secondbore on one side of said control piston and a bypass or spill portcommunicating with said second bore on the opposite side of said controlpiston, and a fuel distributor on said rotary member and adapted toreceive fuel from said axial passage and distribute such fuel to each ofsaid outlets successively, and a delivery valve in the fuel path betweensaid axial passage and said fuel distributor, said displacement pistonbeing moved to a position whereby it seals said bypass or spill port onthe axial movement thereof by fuel pressure on the side of said pistonopposite said spill port.

4. In a device of the character described, a housing having a bore, arotary member mounted for rotation in said bore, a plurality of outletscommunicating with said bore and adapted to supply fuel to each of thecombustion chambers of an internal combustion engine successively, anaxial fuel passage in said rotary member, a radial bore in said rotarymember and communicating with said axial fuel passage, plunger means insaid radial bore, cam means operatively associated with said plungermeans for effecting reciprocation of said plunger means for pumpingfuel, said rotary member having fuel supply and delivery portscommunicating with said fuel passage, a second bore in said housing, afuel quantity control displacement piston in said second bore, controlmeans connected to said fuel quantity control displacement piston foradjusting the position of said piston whereby the position of saidcontrol displacement piston in said second bore may be adjustedaccording to desired fuel quantity, and a pressure port connecting saidaxial passage in said rotary member with said second bore whereby fuelfrom said axial passage may enter said second bore on one side of saidcontrol piston and a bypass or spill port communicating with said secondbore on the opposite side of said control piston, and a centrifugalgovernor operatively connected to said control piston for adjusting saiddisplacement piston in said second bore.

5. In a device of the character described, a housing having a bore, arotary member mounted for rotation in said bore, a plurality of outletscommunicating with said bore and adapted to supply fuel to each of thecombustion chambers of an internal combustion engine successively, anaxial fuel passage in said rotary member, a radial bore in said rotarymember and communicating with said fuel passage, plunger means in saidradial bore, cam means operatively associated with said plunger meansfor effecting reciprocation of said plunger means for pumping fuel, saidrotary member having fuel supply and delivery ports communicating withsaid axial fuel passage, a second bore in said housing, a fuel quantitycontrol displacement piston in said second bore, control means connectedto said fuel quantity control displacement piston for adjusting theposition of said piston whereby the position of said controldisplacement piston in said second bore may be adjusted according todesired fuel quantity, and a pressure port connecting said axial passagein said rotary member with said second bore whereby fuel from said axialpassage may enter said second bore on one side of said control pistonand a bypass or spill port communicating with said second bore on theopposite side of said control piston, and fuel distributing meanscommunicating with and adapted to receive fuel from said axial passageand distribute such fuel to each of said outlets successively, and adelivery valve in the fuel path between said axial passage and said fueldistributor, and a centrifugal governor operatively connected to saidcontrol displacement piston for adjusting said piston in said secondbore.

6. In a device of the character described, a housing having a bore, arotary member mounted for rotation in said bore, a plurality of outletscommunicating with said bore and adapted to supply fuel to each of thecombustion chambers of an internal combustion engine, an axial fuelpassage in said rotary member, a radial bore in said rotary membercommunicating with said axial fuel passage, plunger means in said radialbore and cam means operatively associated with said plunger means foreffecting reciprocation of said plunger means in said radial bore, fuelsupply and delivery ports communicating with said axial fuel passage, asecond bore in said housing, a fuel quantity control displacement pistonin said second bore, control means operatively connected to said controldisplacement piston for adjusting the position of said piston wherebythe position of said control displacement piston in said second bore maybe adjusted according to desired fuel quantity and a pressure portconnecting said axial passage in said rotary member with said secondbore, whereby fuel from said axial passage may enter said second bore onone side of said control piston and displace said control piston in saidsecond bore, a control port communicating with said second bore on theopposite side of said control piston, said control displacement pistonhaving means for controlling the fuel passing from said second borethrough said control port, said means comprising a helical edge on saidcontrol displacement piston, and a bypass or spill port communicatingwith said axial passage in said rotary member.

7. In a device of the character described, a housing having a bore, arotary member mounted for rotation in said bore, a plurality of outletscommunicating with said bore and adapted to supply fuel to each of thecombustion chambers of an internal combustion engine, an axial fuelpassage in said rotary member, a radial bore in said rotary membercommunicating with said axial fuel passage, plunger means in said radialbore and cam means operatively associated with said plunger means foreffecting reciprocation of said plunger means in said radial bore, fuelsupply and delivery ports communicating with said axial fuel passage, asecond bore in said housing, a fuel quantity control displacement pistonin said second bore, control means operatively connected to said controldisplacement piston for adjusting the position of said piston wherebythe position of said control displacement piston in said second bore maybe adjusted according to desired fuel quantity and a pressure portconnecting said axial passage in said rotary member with said secondbore, whereby fuel from said axial passage may enter said second bore onone side of said control piston and displace said control piston in saidsecond bore, a control port communicating with said second bore on theopposite side of said control piston, said control displacement pistonhaving means for controlling the fuel passing from said second borethrough said control port, resilient means opposing the movement of saidcontrol displacement piston by fuel from said pressure port, and abypass or spill port communicating with said axial passage in saidrotary member, said displacement piston being moved to a positionwhereby it seals said bypass or spill port on the axial movement thereofby fuel pressure on the side of said piston opposite said spill port.

8. In a fuel injection pump, a fuel pumping member, a fuel distributorcommunicating with said fuel pumping member, fuel quantity control meanscommunicating with said fuel pumping member, said control meanscomprising a bore having a fuel quantity control displacement pistontherein, means for adjusting the position of said displacement piston insaid bore according to the fuel quantity desired, said piston beingsubjected to fuel from said pumping member whereby movement of saidpiston is effected to control the quantity of fuel delivered to saidfuel distribution, a port communicating with said bore on one side ofsaid piston for supplying fuel thereto from the fuel pumping member anda port communicating with said bore on the opposite side of said piston,said piston being moved to a position whereby it seals said port on saidopposite side of said piston on the axial movement thereof by fuelpressure.

9. In a fuel injection pump, a fuel pumping member, a fuel distributorcommunicating with said fuel pumping member, fuel quantity control meanscommunicating with said fuel pumping member, said control meanscomprising a bore having a fuel quantity control displacement pistontherein, means for adjusting the position of said displacement piston insaid bore according to the fuel quantity desired, said piston beingsubjected to fuel from said pumping member whereby movement of saidpiston is effected to control the quantity of fuel delivered to saidfuel distributor, and a control port communicating with said boreadjacent the end of said displacement piston opposite the entrance ofthe fuel from said pumping member, said displacement piston being movedto a position whereby it seals said control port on the axial movementthereof by fuel pressure on the side of said piston opposite saidcontrol port.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS2,455,571 Edwards Dec. 7, 1948 2,582,539 Grimod Jan. 15, 1952 2,599,522Coe June 3, 1952 2,641,238 Roosa June 9, 1953 2,674,236 Humber Apr. 6,1954 2,683,445 Seaver July 13, 1954 2,784,708 Hill et al Mar. 12, 19572,831,473 Liardet Apr. 22, 1958

